Who is this official? Definition and principles of

The streets there were signs saying: official should you smile - you're paying him a salary. 

The first reaction to reading - puzzling, because last week only to those engaged in and that went to the offices of officials, from one to another like a chain, and collected Inquiries. And sometimes it seemed that not even a chain, and a vicious circle. Smiling, or at least friendly people I have not seen.

However, maybe it's my face so they acted or the habit of asking questions why and what after the next board to get another spravochku in N-dimensional office and pay a small amount of money in the form. Well, I've got a bad habit: they ask if something does not know or do not understand.

The second reaction - curiosity. Interestingly, the law says about these important people. Probably, and at their head have instructions and laws that govern the work.

Complaints. How do I use it?

A consumer of goods and services. But in the world, the quality of goods and services in particular, leaves much to be desired. Even foreigners who normally serve in our country much better than the Russians themselves, not once encountered rudeness, rudeness or poor-quality goods. What can we say about ordinary citizens.The only thing that still afraid to sellers, this mysterious organization Rospotrebnadzor. True, the appeal back on the little things go our own peril. Because, like any large public or formal organization, Federal Service requires evidence. And rudeness is irrelevant prishesh, even if there is an audio or video. 

How and where can appeal the decision?

Referring to the civil court with a claim or complaint, we hope that our violated rights are reinstated, and the "offender" will be punished. However, not always the opinion of the court agrees with our and our claims are met. But it does not always mean the end, the court may also make a mistake. Therefore, to prove its case, the legislation gives us the right to appeal a court decision. How and in what order this happens, consider the following.

At a court decision that had not yet entered into force, you can file a complaint within ten days after making such a decision. However, as a rule, the court's decision we have on hand at once, since the judge needs time to prepare it, and the time granted to us on appeal, goes. What to do? In such cases it is expedient to resort to filing a court brief complaint in which we simply specify when and on what business the decision was taken that we do not agree with him and ask him to cancel it and resolve the issue on its merits.

How to avoid becoming a victim of a mobile scam?

In distress relative

One day on your mobile phone receives a call from an unknown phone. Tolls supposedly your son or husband, wife, grandmother, etc. Heard very bad, the voices do not tell. Whether your, or someone else ... They report that are in trouble, traversed by pedestrians, arrested, burglarized at the station, got into an accident, etc. Urgently needs to bribe police officers, to search for lawyers to come to rescue ... And they are calling from another phone in the chamber 15 people, and money in the account at the end ... Sometimes even send photos of your family member with a broken face, in the blood.

What should I do?

How to apply to the court?

Very often in life we are faced with various problems. Some of these problems can be solved only by trial. This really is a time that most of us at least once in their life, but had to go to court for protection. And someone else will. How correctly apply what caveats might encounter on our way? This is what we'll talk in this article.

The first thing you should know is that each claim are mandatory details in case of no indication that the court or return your message, or leave it without consideration. What must be given in our lawsuit? According to Part 2 of Art. 131 CCP RF in the statement of claim shall include:

1) name the court to which application is submitted;

2) the plaintiff's name, place of residence or location of the claimant (if the application is submitted by a legal person);

What is needed military reform?

In recent years, the newspaper devotes considerable attention to issues of military reform. Despite the urgency, the establishment of an expensive professional army in Russia is rather vague prospect. It is obvious that military spending will form an excessive burden on the budget. But, in my view, be a slight change in the existing organization of the army, or as they say now, to humanize military service. To do this, not only to reduce the tenure of which have long been saying.

Who invented this system, when the eighteen boys tear from their homes, depriving the latter of spiritual support? They serve hundreds and even thousands of miles from home. In the notorious Soviet times there were even such facts as stated in the eighteenth train on the way to a military unit. Is this justified violence against boys?

How to behave during a fire?

Every year in Russia during the fire dies on average 20000 people. A sad statistic when you consider that these deaths occur in the majority of carelessness, ignorance and panic of the elementary rules of behavior in fire. Fire - the phenomenon is necessary and useful, but must be able to keep it in check.

Before examining the behavior of the fire, it is important to remember several items related to characteristics of fires.

1. Do not panic, you do not help, but will only lead to tragic consequences. There is always the "extra" ten seconds to stop and think.

2. First, call the emergency services - for you it just may be no one to make. Make sure that someone met the fire brigades and helped him get to places faster.

How to cite?

As a general rule, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Copyright and Related Rights" permits the use of the product, which is subject to copyright law, only its author or other owner. However, there is the possibility of using the work without the author's consent and without payment of royalties - by quoting.

What product can be used when quoting? Until recently, conventional wisdom according to which under the top of the page only understand the use of another's literary work in another literary work, in writing or orally.

Currently, the scope of copyright only literary works is not restricted, and Institute of citation has been distributed from the legal point of view in general on the objects of copyright.

Child pornography on the Internet: how is it dangerous?

Omniscient statistics show that one in five children between the ages of 10 to 17 years using the Internet receives proposals of a sexual nature on adult users. Every fourth teenager has entered a chat in correspondence with older users who were shown pictures and photos of a pornographic nature. Even if you consider that half of the children, talking in chat rooms and forums, "attributes" currently 3-5 years, formally becoming more "adult", the figures still threatening.

According to some, pornography is the third largest in the world by revenue, after drugs and arms trade. Even if not third, and, say, fifth place - you can imagine the scale? "Every year in this business are attracted to two million children. Income from child pornography exceeds revenues Colombian drug mafia. According to Interpol, "the master of child porn" shoot for children from 2 months to 12 years each year to bail out $ 1 billion...

Who's Who in the Law on Protection of Consumers' Rights?

The Law on Protection of Consumers' quickly gained popularity and became one of the most used in Russia. Thousands of consumers with the law failed to protect their rights.

Who deems the consumer?

Consumer - the citizen, using, purchasing, ordering, or having the intention to buy or order goods (works, services) for household use, non-profit-making.

It should be noted that the consumer recognizes as a citizen, who had already purchased the goods (works or services) and uses it, and someone who is just going to do it. This means that, contact your dealer with a request to show you the goods and tell us about its properties, you are an existing customer. Seller's refusal in this situation may be regarded as a violation of the law.

What to do if you bought a defective product?

Each of us at least once in their life to buy a product, in quality, which we later had doubts. And more than once reproached ourselves that we are fooled, and we just threw money away.

So, if this problem has also touched upon you, I would like to give you a couple of tips for dealing with such situations.

You have purchased, for example, a bottle of cognac, opened her home and found that brandy-it just does not contain and is filled with some unknown liquid tea-colored.

What is a "rest time"?

Working time and rest time are interrelated. The shorter working hours, the longer an employee on vacation. Constitutional right to a holiday provided not only legal limitation of working hours, overtime work, but fixing the law of various kinds of rest periods and annual leave, both basic and additional. The concept of "rest time for labor law" and "leisure time for self-development" is not the same, but the duration depends on the duration of the first second.

Leisure time is called the free time that an employee may use at their discretion. This includes the travel time to and from work.

What is "working time"?

It is no secret that many employers often violate existing labor laws. And, perhaps, the most common violation - when an employer forces an employee to work outside normal working hours.

Unfortunately, this situation has developed in many enterprises. The employee was afraid of dismissal. The employee does not know their rights.

So what comprises the concept of "working time", what are its types and legal constraints?

First of all, work - this is not an instantaneous operation, he always has duration in time, and that is working as is spent on work, work.

Until the end of the XIX century law in Russia does not regulate the limitation of working hours. In Russia, for the first time in 1897, a law adopted under the pressure of the strikes of workers, limited working hours to 11.5 hours, while for women and children - up to 10 hours.

Currently, the Constitution enshrines the right to rest, provided that the employee is guaranteed by the statutory working hours. The Labor Code sets the working time of 40 hours per week that a five-day working week means 8 hours a day. This is considered normal working hours.

As an employee terminate the employment contract of their own volition?

The procedure for termination of employment initiated by the employee (by choice) is governed by Article 80 of the Labor Code.

The employee has the right to terminate the employment contract, notice to the employer in writing two weeks. The written form of notice of resignation is required. Oral statement by the employee to terminate the employment contract can not constitute grounds for the publication of the employer the appropriate order of dismissal.

The duty to warn an employee of the employer to terminate the employment contract at his own request two weeks (and head of the organization - for one month) does not mean that an employee can not do it for a longer period. Two weeks should be viewed as the minimum period for which the employee is required to notify the employer of intention to terminate the employment relationship.

By agreement between the employer and employee an employment contract may be terminated before the expiry of notice. But if the employer has not given consent to the termination of the employment contract before the expiry of notice, the employee must work out the due date. Early termination of work in this case is a violation of labor discipline.

How to behave in a street fight? Individual brawl

It's no secret, that our world of today rather stiff and uneasy, especially in recent times. Discussed in the article will focus on how to behave in a street fight. From time immemorial, in the world, and especially in Russia, were highly valued people who can stand up for themselves in any situation. Until now, the ability to fight is necessary for any man who wants him and his family could walk the streets and do not look around. Unfortunately, not always the martial arts fit into our lives, but little of the principles of individual combat accessible to everyone.

First of all, all fights are divided into individual and group. On the first will be more written below. Firstly, the fight "one on one" complicated by the fact that every enemy has its pluses and minuses. Professional fighter can identify them immediately and in large numbers, you also fairly assess the situation in general. And remember, you're not in competition, by all standards-hand combat, fight should not last more than 10 seconds (against the opinion, which is composed of American fighters) - during which time the enemy simply must be defeated.

What to do if you break a thermometer?

Mercury is dangerous. It is an axiom. Enter the body, it can in two ways: through the digestive tract or through the respiratory tract. Eat the mercury bulb of course you can hardly. (Exception - you're a little kid. But in this case it is necessary to induce vomiting and immediately call an ambulance.) But inhale mercury vapors in the presence of the broken thermometer - easily. The result - mercury poisoning, which for a long time, can occur without any general symptoms. Irritability, nausea, weight loss. Big deal, who does not happen: the week was difficult, and then - in general, to live is bad. However, poisoning, slowly but surely creeps up to the inner sanctum of our bodies - the central nervous system and kidneys.

If you broke a thermometer, remember the main thing - to remove mercury should be carefully. And fast.

What to do

1. Before collecting the mercury wear rubber gloves: a substance should not come into contact with bare skin.

2. Limit the location of the accident. Mercury sticks to surfaces and can be easily separated on the soles of other parts of the premises.

3. As carefully collect the mercury and all crashed part of a thermometer in a glass jar with cold water, close the screw cap. Need water to mercury does not evaporate. Bank to keep away from heating appliances.

4. Small droplets can be collected with a syringe, a rubber bulb, two sheets of paper, plaster, tape, wet paper.

5. Bank to transfer service specialists "01."

6. Open windows and ventilate the room. If left any evaporation, even weathered the window.

7. Place spills handle bleach solution or bleach. This oxidize mercury than lead it in non-volatile state. If neither one nor the other in the home is not found, you can make a hot soap-soda solution: 30 grams of sodium, 40 grams of grated soap to one gallon of water.

What you can do

1. Ask for help or advice to the duty Emergency (as known since childhood, telephone 01).

2. To not miss a single bead of mercury, you can use a flashlight or lamp.

3. Before comes the opportunity to give the bank representative spetsstruktury, you can put it on the balcony. Provided, of course, that the window is cooler than indoors. At low temperatures, separation of toxic vapors is reduced.

4. Drink plenty of diuretic liquids (tea, coffee, juice) since mercury education excreted through the kidneys.

Why do not

1. You can not throw crashed a thermometer in the garbage disposal. Evaporated there are two grams of mercury can contaminate the six thousand cubic meter of air.

2. You can not sweep the mercury with a broom: rigid rods only razmelchat toxic mercury pellets in the small dust.

3. It is impossible to collect mercury with a vacuum cleaner: vacuum air purge makes it easy to evaporate the liquid metal. In addition, the vacuum cleaner then have to immediately throw it away.

4. But in any case you can not create a draft before you have collected mercury, or shiny beads will scatter throughout the room.

5. To wash the clothes and footwear in contact with the mercury in a washing machine. As possible - this garment is better discarded.

6. It is impossible to lower the mercury down the drain. She has the ability to settle in the sewer pipes. By the way, to remove mercury from wastewater - is incredibly difficult.

What to do if you break a thermometer?

Mercury is dangerous. It is an axiom. Enter the body, it can in two ways: through the digestive tract or through the respiratory tract. Eat the mercury bulb of course you can hardly. (Exception - you're a little kid. But in this case it is necessary to induce vomiting and immediately call an ambulance.) But inhale mercury vapors in the presence of the broken thermometer - easily. The result - mercury poisoning, which for a long time, can occur without any general symptoms. Irritability, nausea, weight loss. Big deal, who does not happen: the week was difficult, and then - in general, to live is bad. However, poisoning, slowly but surely creeps up to the inner sanctum of our bodies - the central nervous system and kidneys.

If you broke a thermometer, remember the main thing - to remove mercury should be carefully. And fast.

What to do

1. Before collecting the mercury wear rubber gloves: a substance should not come into contact with bare skin.

2. Limit the location of the accident. Mercury sticks to surfaces and can be easily separated on the soles of other parts of the premises.

3. As carefully collect the mercury and all crashed part of a thermometer in a glass jar with cold water, close the screw cap. Need water to mercury does not evaporate. Bank to keep away from heating appliances.

4. Small droplets can be collected with a syringe, a rubber bulb, two sheets of paper, plaster, tape, wet paper.

5. Bank to transfer service specialists "01."

6. Open windows and ventilate the room. If left any evaporation, even weathered the window.

7. Place spills handle bleach solution or bleach. This oxidize mercury than lead it in non-volatile state. If neither one nor the other in the home is not found, you can make a hot soap-soda solution: 30 grams of sodium, 40 grams of grated soap to one gallon of water.

What you can do

1. Ask for help or advice to the duty Emergency (as known since childhood, telephone 01).

2. To not miss a single bead of mercury, you can use a flashlight or lamp.

3. Before comes the opportunity to give the bank representative spetsstruktury, you can put it on the balcony. Provided, of course, that the window is cooler than indoors. At low temperatures, separation of toxic vapors is reduced.

4. Drink plenty of diuretic liquids (tea, coffee, juice) since mercury education excreted through the kidneys.

Why do not

1. You can not throw crashed a thermometer in the garbage disposal. Evaporated there are two grams of mercury can contaminate the six thousand cubic meter of air.

2. You can not sweep the mercury with a broom: rigid rods only razmelchat toxic mercury pellets in the small dust.

3. It is impossible to collect mercury with a vacuum cleaner: vacuum air purge makes it easy to evaporate the liquid metal. In addition, the vacuum cleaner then have to immediately throw it away.

4. But in any case you can not create a draft before you have collected mercury, or shiny beads will scatter throughout the room.

5. To wash the clothes and footwear in contact with the mercury in a washing machine. As possible - this garment is better discarded.

6. It is impossible to lower the mercury down the drain. She has the ability to settle in the sewer pipes. By the way, to remove mercury from wastewater - is incredibly difficult.

How to submit a distress signal?

I welcome all those who, being in a difficult situation, wants to actively contribute to their salvation. In our modern society for a long time there are no such places untouched by human hands. Therefore, to get to a place where you do not find extremely difficult. But there is another danger - you just may not notice or do not recognize your signals for help ... So, given that the primary means of escape from hard to reach places is any aerial vehicles, the world community has come up with a unified system of distress. This article focuses on one of the ways visual distress signal, namely, the code table, which has about 13 characters.

First, what the minimum requirements established for this method. The symbols are placed on the ground, with the help of available resources, and to get noticed, they should not be less than 10 meters in length and 3 meters in width, line thickness - 0,5 m. In general, the more the better!

1. Need a doctor. Simple icon. Just one long rectangle of 10 m   0,5 m

2. Looking for medications. If the wound travelers can help themselves, then this is another sign. Two of the rectangle, at a distance of two feet apart.

How to avoid becoming a victim of the crowd?

You probably heard about the phenomenon of the crowd, it is characterized by a kind of averaging, the crowd dissolved personality and feelings of individuals, thoughts, smoothed, and the intellect is turned off. The crowd acquires "one soul". Everyone stops to realize their individual, he acts and thinks in unison with others, it is easy to manage and inspire something altogether lighter; he has no control over their actions and emotions. He lives the emotions of the crowd, very emotional, he is driven by rage, ferocity, passion, and heroism.

Remember, in a crowd you do nothing. Always avoided crowd’s party. Not to be approached from idle curiosity (remember the saying "curiosity killed the cat"?). You will become better and easier to live if you know for what reason fee?

If the crowd "grew up" on your way, find a workaround or, in extreme cases, calmly walk through it over the edge, where fewer people.

But if you do hit the crowd, proceed as recommended. Ignoring safety precautions, you can be severely affected (at least).

Caught in the crowd did not behave aggressively and is not perturbed. You happen to be here, so why should express their views on the debated issue, especially if it differs radically from the views of the crowd? In addition to aggression, which would entail even more sad steps, you accomplish nothing. Therefore, the best thing you can do - it's kind of solidarity, they say, you are fully share the conviction of those present. If necessary, support some of the slogans. Throughout the simulation try to calmly and slowly leave the crowd.

If the crowd where you were, moving, and then you have to move - most importantly, keep your balance. The fall is likely to lead to what you have trampled. In advance in anticipation of this turn of events, and close the season with clothing that is not what it was to catch all the items that were with you, push your body. In the critical situation of their generally better to get rid of - in the fight for a bag you can lose health or life. Tighten your forearm and push them horizontally to the sides of the body, clenched his fists - it will protect a fractured rib. If the crowd stands on the site, turn around so that, with your two neighbors to form a triangle shoulders - this will save a little space for movement of the chest.

If you fall - do not panic. Scream and ask for something useless. Try a sharp jump to his feet. If not work, try to squat, one leg stretched forward in the direction of movement of the crowd - the crowd will take you I, my pressure. At the very least take a stance "embryo" - push your knees to your stomach and your hands covering your head - so you can protect vital organs.

If you had used tear gas, push-to-face scarf, scarf, piece of cloth and breathe through it, close your eyes (if possible). Do not rub the skin and eyes - it only reinforces a negative effect. Getting out of the crowd and out of affected areas, wash exposed skin and eyes with cold water.

The crowd began to disperse the guardians of order - do not panic. Get out of the line of movement of people running, push to the wall. Do not make sudden movements, do not shout his innocence - it is useless. If there were police officers, raise your hands and do not resist (you can get a good stick in the opposite case). If you are detained, behave calmly, anger and explain to defer to the proceedings in the department.

How to deal with phone bullies

One day not too pleasant evening on the phone Anna Mikhailovna came SMSka "At home all right? Nothing happened? "Number from which a message was sent, the woman was totally unfamiliar. First, a bit alarmed, but then calmed down - decided that the wrong number. Anything can happen. But an alarming worm still lodged in his heart. Especially because his son did not answer the phone and he did not come home at night. Night Anna woke up one more call - SMS again and again the question - if everything is OK at home. Will call overage turns reveals that is not thought to warn the household of his absence, did not succeed. Here too the nerves have not sustained. Unpleasant thoughts with terrible images stubbornly crept into his head to fall asleep until morning and failed. To top it all, jumped pressure and to work that morning the unfortunate victim of someone's evil came in raffle overwrought nerves and disgusting feeling.

In short, these stories have already accumulated enough, but still not quite clear - how to deal with such cases and whether to punish such a joker. After hearing stories about phone hooligans broke down and went to authorities, in order to answer the question.

Was smooth on paper, but forgotten about the ravines, the BAT WALK

The first step is to visit into the sales center of the native cellular operator; we have decided that just because they were damaged nerves, then they must also help. As it turned out, the campaign has been undertaken in vain. Administrator, cute smile, explained that any help I can not.

- You need to go to the police - said the girl - they are already conducting their review and find out: who and why you called.

So, step two - went to the duty of the municipal department of internal affairs. Explained the situation, and I'm popular to explain that statement of course, they will accept and carry out checks. However, the hope that the offender will be punished, especially not worth it. According to the laws of a police check can lead to three versions of events: a refusal to initiate criminal proceedings or the preparation of roofing on administrative violation or criminal action, or a protocol on administrative violation. But the last two cases are possible only if we can prove the crime or offense. And for that just need to install a criminal intent and the purpose for which it was done. It is clear that it was unlikely the phone prankster confesses that he wanted to bring someone to a heart attack or a married couple to divorce. In the best case would say that was only joking, but rather, stated that the elementary wrong number.

So the only option - is to file a claim in the Magistrate's Court. Only there, if he perceives a fact of causing physical, material or moral harm, the possibility of making a positive decision. And especially if you're lucky, a "pest" will receive compensation. For the same, to sue in the world court, is sufficient to take the police collected the materials and come with them to the secretariat of the court. There to help draw up an application, explain the rights, responsibilities and procedures.

Took note of the tips and suggestions went to the magistrate's court. I must say that, at least in this instance I have some hope. True, one of the difficulties that may lie in wait for an inexperienced claimant - an independent representation of cases in court. Alas, not all of us ended up law schools and are able to understand the intricacies of numerous laws. Even with the full support of the judges to collect evidence and write requests necessary to investigate instances. Because district judges recommended to insure and to seek assistance in some legal agency. Then the interests of the victim will be the concern of legally savvy representative who, in turn, would be beneficial to punish the bully - in the end depends on the size of his fee.

Well, it seems the finishing spurt to clarify - who can help and how to punish the offender. End Point - legal advice, and, without delay, I go there.

Counsel, in general, confirmed the recommendation of the magistrate, but added to the list of necessary cases a few items. The chief and main board went immediately, as soon as a problem, to conclude an agreement with a qualified attorney. He and a statement to police will help write, and correctly execute the necessary documents, and suggest in any instance handle.

In such cases, there are many pitfalls to understand that the average citizen simply can not. At the very least must be properly classified material. It is one thing, if I rest the insult, and quite another - if the text contained a threat of murder.

There is still danger of the consequences of the submitted claim, which many do not realize. People took the statement of claim, the court considered the materials and concluded that the evidence of guilt is only indirect and acquitted. But in this case, besides the annoyance of the fact that failed to punish the offender, in the accused's role may well prove himself the victim. If against him in court will go a counter claim for moral harm. And experience shows that in such cases, judges give a positive solution. As a result, the victim will get no compensation, but he will be forced to fork out. Experienced as a lawyer, a leading case, try to avoid such a turn.

However, that all has gone high-level best not to enter into a contract with the first counter a diploma of education in law. Better go to a proven advocate's office, and, making an agreement to negotiate even the smallest detail. So you protect yourself and the lawyer was forced to work conscientiously.

Finally, a few recommendations: what to do when you start to "get" on the phone.

First, do not defeat the message. They can be useful in the future. Better yet, do not delay, contact your cellular service provider and ask to connect you to the service, to save all calls. Then you'll not only have a printout of SMS, but also become the owner of the base of voice messages.

Second, immediately begin to seek support for witnesses. They will need in court. If as a result SMSnogo storm undermined the health of you and had to take sedative medication, be sure to save receipts from pharmacies. And not only cash but also trade. Try to take pills or drops in front of other people. If you call an ambulance, then take them a certificate of arrival. Remember, the more evidence you can provide in court, the greater the likelihood that the case you win.

In no case does not call back them to the number from which you have malicious messages. Otherwise, run the risk of serious "fly into" the money. The case can be banal: you call on a mobile from a pay phone provide sexual services, and you call back, trying to figure out - who's your unknown caller. And the more you yell "Hello", the more money goes from your account.

You can, of course, for your own peace of mind does turn your phone off or change the SIM-card. But not the fact that the subject of spiteful not gets your new number or can not find another way to spoil your nerves and mood.

And, perhaps most important. Do not rush to suspect relatives of people with treason and other nefarious deeds. It is better to think together - who can so you try to quarrel. Divorce is always easy, but re-establishes relations case is not simple. And try not to worry too, drawing in my thoughts all sorts of horrible pictures. Surely, your villain is this and is working. So it did not give him such joy.